Model Limitations

Evidence quality

Highlighted claims

• The 1-year time horizon does not capture long-term survival differences, cumulative re-implantation complications, or delayed relapse costs from retained lead material. — Cost-effectiveness modelling of early lead extraction for cardiac implantable electronic device infections in the United Kingdom
• The model assumes extraction and re-implantation do not create future complications or costs beyond 1 year. — Cost-effectiveness modelling of early lead extraction for cardiac implantable electronic device infections in the United Kingdom
• ICU bed costs, indirect costs, lost working days, and psychological burden were excluded from the model. — Cost-effectiveness modelling of early lead extraction for cardiac implantable electronic device infections in the United Kingdom
• Primary clinical probability inputs from a US administrative database may not translate directly to UK healthcare pathways. — Cost-effectiveness modelling of early lead extraction for cardiac implantable electronic device infections in the United Kingdom
• Outpatient- and primary-care-managed infections were not included in the model inputs. — Cost-effectiveness modelling of early lead extraction for cardiac implantable electronic device infections in the United Kingdom